Kaymaklı Underground City

Kaymaklı Underground City is one of the largest and best-preserved underground cities in Cappadocia, extending eight levels deep into the earth. Built around the 7th century BCE and expanded by early Christians in the Byzantine period, this subterranean marvel could house approximately 3,500 people. The city demonstrates remarkable urban planning with its organized layout of residential areas, storage rooms, stables, churches, and communal spaces.

The underground city features an sophisticated ventilation system with over 15,000 air shafts ensuring proper air circulation throughout all levels. The narrow corridors and low ceilings were designed for defense purposes, forcing invaders to crawl and making them vulnerable to defenders. Kaymaklı includes fascinating architectural features such as millstone doors that could seal off sections of the city, wine cellars, and a large hall believed to be used for religious gatherings. The city is connected to Derinkuyu through a tunnel system, creating an extensive underground network that spans several kilometers.