Ihlara Valley

 Ihlara Valley is a spectacular 14-kilometer-long canyon carved by the Melendiz River, containing over 100 rock-cut churches dating from the 4th to 11th centuries. This "Valley of the Saints" served as a retreat for thousands of Byzantine monks who carved their hermitages and churches into the volcanic rock walls. The valley represents one of the world's largest open-air galleries of Byzantine art, with numerous churches featuring exceptional frescoes that blend Byzantine and local artistic traditions.

The valley's unique microclimate, created by the Melendiz River and lush vegetation, provided an ideal environment for monastic communities to flourish. Notable churches include the Snake Church (Yılanlı Kilise), St. George Church (Ağaçaltı Kilise), and the Fragrant Church (Kokar Kilise). The frescoes in these churches are remarkable for their artistic quality and historical significance, depicting scenes from the Old and New Testaments alongside portraits of saints and donors. A hiking trail follows the river through the valley, allowing visitors to experience the serene natural beauty while exploring this incredible concentration of Byzantine heritage.