Kaymaklı Underground City

Kaymaklı Underground City is one of the largest and most well-preserved underground cities in Cappadocia, extending eight levels deep into the earth and capable of sheltering up to 3,500 people during times of danger. Built primarily between the 6th and 10th centuries by Byzantine Christians seeking refuge from Arab invasions, this remarkable subterranean complex showcases the ingenuity and engineering skills of ancient civilizations who carved entire cities from the soft volcanic rock.

The underground city features a sophisticated network of tunnels, living quarters, storage rooms, stables, chapels, kitchens, and wine cellars, all connected by narrow corridors that could be easily defended with rolling stone doors. The ventilation system is particularly impressive, with over 80 shafts providing fresh air circulation throughout all levels. Visitors can explore four of the eight levels, discovering ancient grinding stones, communal areas, and religious spaces that provide insight into daily life in this underground sanctuary. The city is connected to other underground cities in the region through a network of tunnels stretching for miles, demonstrating the extent and complexity of Cappadocia's subterranean world.